Opioids
Opioids, also known as opiates, include both illegal substances like heroin and prescription pain relievers. They can be classified as either natural, derived from the opium poppy, or synthetic. While effective for pain management, opioids carry serious risks, including dependence, addiction, overdose, and even death.
These drugs interact with receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and digestive system, primarily affecting those involved in pain and pleasure. By binding to these receptors, opioids block pain signals and stimulate dopamine release in the brain’s reward center, producing feelings of euphoria. This effect can lead to a cycle of dependence and addiction, as the brain craves the repeated sensation of pleasure.
Examples of prescribed opioid medications include:
Codeine – an ingredient in some cough syrups and one Tylenol® product
Hydrocodone – Vicodin®, Lortab®, or Lorcet®
Oxycodone – Percocet®, OxyContin®, or Percodan®
Hydromorphone – Dilaudid®
Morphine – MSContin®, MSIR®, Avinza®, or Kadian®
Propoxyphene – Darvocet® or Darvon®
Fentanyl – Duragesic®
Addiction Signs and Symptoms
Opioid use disorder is a medical condition marked by the inability to stop using opioids, leading to behaviors that interfere with daily life. Dependence occurs when the body adapts to the drug, causing withdrawal symptoms when use is reduced or stopped. Many people initially become addicted to prescription painkillers and may later turn to cheaper, more accessible illicit drugs like heroin.
Signs of addiction include:
Repeated use of a substance while increasing the quantities
A repeated failure to reduce the use of the substance
Developing a tolerance, requiring greater usage to achieve the same effect
The inclination to criminal activity or risky behaviors
Increased cravings for the substance
Reduced performance at work, home, or school
Poor relationships with family, friends, and within social circles due to continued use
Experiencing withdrawal symptoms after reducing after a decrease in usage
Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
Opioid withdrawal occurs when the body, having developed dependence, reacts to reduced or discontinued drug use. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and vary from person to person. Withdrawal can be painful and uncomfortable, and in some cases, it may be dangerous, requiring medical supervision to manage severe symptoms safely.
Early symptoms (within 24 hours of stopping the drug):
Anxiety
Muscle aches and pains
Insomnia
Excessive sweating
Restless Legs
Repeated Yawning
Later symptoms:
Nausea and vomiting
Rapid heart rate
Dilated pupils
Abdominal cramping
Diarrhea
Higher blood pressure
Opioid Abuse Prevention
Drug overdoses are a leading cause of unintentional deaths in the U.S., with opioids playing a major role. Preventing addiction starts with proactive measures, especially through parental involvement. Parents who stay connected with and actively monitor their children are more likely to recognize early signs of addiction. Adolescents and teens are particularly at risk, as they are more likely to experiment with gateway drugs and risky behaviors during this crucial stage of development.
Verify the proper usage of prescription opioids
Learn about the dangers of over-prescription and has this practice led to the opioid epidemic. Educate yourself on other pain treatments to control chronic conditions.
Follow prescription directions to ensure proper usage
Monitor your reactions to your prescriptions, other medications, and alcohol so that you can make healthy choices.
Consult with your doctor to discuss any changes to your prescription.
Store prescriptions safely and out of reach from other family members, children, or visitors.
Do share prescriptions with other people
Safely dispose of unused or expired prescriptions in the home
Food and Drug Administration - Where and How to Dispose of Unused Medicines
Many communities also have their own drug take-back programs. Check with your local law enforcement officials to find a location near you or with the DEA to find a DEA-authorized collector in your community.